LaTeX: A Documentation Preparation System

1. Getting Acquainted............................................1

1.1 How To Avoid Reading This Book..............2

1.2 How To Read This Book..........................3

1.3 The Game of the Name............................5

1.4 Turning Typing into Typography................5

1.5 Why LaTeX?........................................7

1.6 Turning Ideas into Input...........................8

1.7 Trying It Out........................................8

2. Getting Started...............................................11

2.1 Preparing an Input File...........................12

2.2 The Input...........................................13

2.2.1 Sentences and Paragraphs............13

Quotation Marks

Dashes

Space After a Period

Special Symbols

Simple Text-Generating Commands

Emphasizing Text

Preventing Line Breaks

Footnotes

Formulas

Ingnorable Input

2.2.2 The Document...........................19

The Document Class

The Title "Page"

2.2.3 Sectioning................................21

2.2.4 Displayed Material......................23

Quotations

Lists

Poetry

Displayed Formulas

2.2.5 Declarations..............................27

2.3 Running LaTeX......................................28

2.4 Helpful Hints.........................................31

2.5 Summary..............................................32

3. Carrying On......................................................35

3.1 Changing the Type Style............................36

3.2 Symbols from Other Languages....................38

3.3.1 Accents....................................38

3.3.2 Symbols...................................38

3.3 Mathematical Formulas...............................39

3.3.1 Some Common Structures...............40

Subscripts and Superscripts

Fractions

Roots

Ellipsis

3.3.2 Mathematical Symbols.....................41

Greek Letters

Calligraphic Letters

A Menagerie of Mathematical Symbols

Log-like Functions

3.3.3 Arrays........................................45

The array Environment

Vertical Alignment

More Complex Arrays

3.3.4 Delimiters.....................................46

3.3.5 Multiline Formulas..........................47

3.3.6 Putting One Thing Above Another........49

Over- and Underlining

Accents

Stacking Symbols

3.3.7 Spacing in Math Mode.......................50

3.3.8 Changing Style in Math Mode.............50

Type Style

Math Style

3.3.9 When All Else Fails..........................52

3.4 Defining Commands and Environments...............53

3.4.1 Defining Commands.........................53

3.4.2 Defining Environments......................55

3.4.3 Theorems and Such..........................56

3.5 Figures and Other Floating Bodies......................58

3.5.1 Figures and Tables............................58

3.5.2 Marginal Notes................................59

3.6 Lining It Up in Columns.................................60

3.6.1 The tabbing Environment....................60

3.6.2 The tabular Environment.....................62

3.7 Simulating Typed Text....................................63

4. Moving Information Around.........................65

4.1 The Table of Contents......................................66

4.2 Cross-References...........................................67

4.3 Bibliography and Citation..................................69

4.3.1 Using BiBTeX..................................70

4.3.2 Doing It Yourself.................................71

4.4 Splitting Your Input...........................................72

4.5 Making an Index or Glossary.................................74

4.5.1 Compiling the Entries..............................74

4.5.2 Producing an Index or Glossary by Yourself.....75

4.6 Keyboard Input and Screen Output.............................76

4.7 Sending Your Document.........................................77

5. Other Document Classes..................................79

5.1 Books..............................................................80

5.2 Slides...............................................................80

5.2.1 Slides and Overlays..................................81

5.2.2 Notes...................................................83

5.2.3 Printing Only Some Slides and Notes.............83

5.2.4 Other Text.............................................84

5.3 Letters..............................................................84

6. Designing It Yourself.......................................87

6.1 Document and Page Styles.......................................88

6.1.1 Document-Class Options.............................88

6.1.2 Page Styles.............................................89

6.1.3 The Title Page and Abstract..........................90

6.1.4 Customizing the Style.................................91

6.2 Line and Page Breaking...........................................93

6.2.1 Line Breaking..........................................93

6.2.2 Page Breaking..........................................96

6.3 Numbering..........................................................97

6.4 Length, Spaces, and Boxes.......................................99

6.4.1 Length...................................................99

6.4.2 Spaces..................................................101

6.4.3 Boxes..................................................103

LR Boxes

Parboxes

Rule Boxes

Raising and Lowering Boxes

Saving Boxes

6.4.4 Formatting with Boxes..............................108

6.5 Centering and "Flushing"........................................111

6.6 List-Making Environments......................................112

6.6.1 The list Environment.................................112

6.6.2 The trivlist Environment.............................115

6.7 Fonts................................................................115

6.7.1 Changing Type Style.................................115

6.7.2 Special Symbols......................................116

7. Pictures and Colors........................................117

7.1 Pictures...........................................................118

7.1.1 The picture Environment...........................119

7.1.2 Picture Objects......................................120

7.1.3 Curves................................................125

7.1.4 Grids..................................................126

7.1.5 Reusing Objects......................................127

7.1.6 Repeated Patterns....................................127

7.1.7 Some Hints on Drawing Pictures.................128

7.2 The graphics Package...........................................129

7.3 Color..............................................................131

8. Errors........................................................133

8.1 Finding the Error..................................................134

8.2 LaTeX's Error Messages.........................................136

8.3 TeX's Error Messages............................................140

8.4 LaTeX Warnings..................................................145

8.5 TeX Warnings.....................................................147

A. Using MakeIndex.......................................149

A.1 How to Use MakeIndex....................................150

A.2 How to Generate Index Entries............................150

A.2.1 When, Why, What, and How to Index.......150

A.2.2 The Basics........................................151

A.2.3 The FIne Print....................................153

A.3 Error Messages...............................................154

B. The Bibliography Database...............................155

B.1 The Format of the bib File....................................156

B.1.1 The Entry Format..................................156

B.1.2 The Text of a Field................................157

Names

Titles

B.1.3 Abbreviations......................................158

B.1.4 Cross-References.................................159

B.2 The Entries......................................................160

B.2.1 Entry Types........................................160

B.2.2 Fields...............................................162

C. Reference Manual...........................................165

C.1 Commands and Environments.................................166

C.1.1 Command Names and Arguments.................166

C.1.2 Environments........................................166

C.1.3 Fragile Commands..................................167

C.1.4 Declarations..........................................168

C.1.5 Invisible Commands and Environments..........169

C.1.6 The \\ Command.....................................169

C.2 The Structure of the Document.................................170

C.3 Sentences and Paragraphs......................................170

C.3.1 Making Sentences...................................170

C.3.2 Making Paragraphs..................................171

C.3.3 Footnotes.............................................172

C.3.4 Accents and Special Symbols......................173

C.4 Sectioning and Table of Contents..............................174

C.4.1 Sectioning Commands..............................174

C.4.2 The Appendix........................................175

C.4.3 Table of Contents....................................175

C.4.4 Style Parameters.....................................176

C.5 Classes, Packages, and Page Styles...........................176

C.5.1 Document Class......................................176

C.5.2 Packages..............................................178

C.5.3 Page Styles............................................179

C.5.4 The Title Page and Abstract.........................181

C.6 Displayed Paragraphs............................................183

C.6.1 Quotation and Verse.................................184

C.6.2 List-Making Environments.........................184

C.6.3 The list and trivlist Environments..................185

C.6.4 Verbatim...............................................186

C.7 Mathematical Formulas...........................................187

C.7.1 Math Mode Environments............................187

C.7.2 Common Structures...................................189

C.7.3 Mathematical Symbols................................189

C.7.4 Arrays..................................................190

C.7.5 Delimiters..............................................190

C.7.6 Putting One Thing Above Another..................190

C.7.7 Spacing.................................................191

C.7.8 Changing Style........................................191

C.8 Definitions, Numbering, and Programming...................192

C.8.1 Defining Commands.................................192

C.8.2 Defining Environments..............................192

C.8.3 Theorem-like Environments.........................193

C.8.4 Numbering............................................194

C.8.5 The ithen Package....................................195

C.9 Figures and Other Floating Bodies..............................197

C.9.1 Figures and Tables....................................197

C.9.2 Marginal Notes.........................................200

C.10 Lining It Up in Columns.........................................201

C.10.1 The tabbing Environment............................201

C.10.2 The array and tabular Environments................204

C.11 Moving Information Around.....................................207

C.11.1 Files....................................................207

C.11.2 Cross-Refernces......................................209

C.11.3 Bibliography and Citation...........................209

C.11.4 Splitting the Input....................................210

C.11.5 Index and Glossary..................................211

Producing an Index

Compiling the Entries

C.11.6 Terminal Input and Output..........................212

C.12 Line and Page Breaking..........................................213

C.12.1 Line Breaking..........................................213

C.12.2 Page Breaking.........................................214

C.13 Length, Spaces, and Boxes......................................215

C.13.1 Length..................................................215

C.13.2 Space...................................................216

C.13.3 Boxes...................................................217

C.14 Pictures and Color.................................................219

C.14.1 The picture Environment.............................219

Picture-Mode Commands

Picture Objects

Picture Declarations

C.14.2 The graphics Package.................................223

C.14.3 The color Package.....................................224

C.15 Font Selection.......................................................225

C.15.1 Changing the Type Style..............................225

C.15.2 Changing the Type Size...............................226

C.15.3 Special Symbols........................................226

D. What's New....................................................227

E. Using Plain TeX Commands...................................227

Bibliography........................................................235

Index................................................................237

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