Textures Folder Basics
What's important here is not the arrangement, or the exact names of all of the items, but the presence of the Textures application file ("Textures®") and the three important folders "TeX Formats," "TeX Fonts," and "TeX Inputs."
Textures needs to be in the same folder as those three folders so that it can "see" their contents. For example, if the TeX Formats folder was missing then Textures couldn't see the LaTeX format inside it, so you wouldn't have LaTeX as a choice when you launched Textures. Likewise, if your Textures application is moved (to the desktop or somewhere else) it won't be able to see those folders. If you want easy access to Textures, use "Make Alias" (command-M) in the Finder and put the alias where you want it.
If you've just finished a first installation of Textures and your folder doesn't at least roughly resemble this layout, you may need installation help.